Timer Time: Using Internal ATTiny13A Chip’s Timer “Normal” Mode (Slightly Modified)

Our timer is static, it have to wait TCNT0 to count from 0 to 255 and then start over.

We could modify it so it count from x to 255 to make it count faster

so we need to pre-set/pre-load TCNT0 to some value

ldi a, 200
out TCNT0,a

With that, we could make the delay time faster. Set the TCNT0 to lower value for longer delay



We  need to modify it

.include "../tn13Adef.inc"
.def a=r16

.org 0000

init:
    sbi ddrb,0          ; pin b0 output
    ldi a,0b00000101    ; prescaler 1024
    out TCCR0B,a

    

main:
    sbi pinb,0          ; flip the B0 bit
    rcall timer

    ldi a,200           ; set lower for longer delay

    out TCNT0,a
    rjmp main

timer:
        loop:
    in a,TIFR0          ; wait 

    andi a, 0b00000010  ; (1<<TOV0) is TOV0 still 1 or flagged to 0?

    breq loop

    

    ldi a, 0b00000010   ; set TOV0 to 1 again after flagged

    out TIFR0,a

    

    ret

    

    

    

Timer Time: Using Internal ATTiny13A Chip’s Timer “Normal” Mode

Chip’s Internal Timer in ’Normal' mode will count from 0 to 255, set the overflow flag TOV0 to 0 and count again from 0 to 255, set the flag to 0 and so on. 

As usual, I used LED as output indicator on Port B0

We used 1024 for pre-scaler/divider value. Set the TCCR0B to 0000 0101

Note that we have to reset the overflow flag to 1 after timer count reached 255 (and set the flag to 0). 

Oh, by the way, the register/variable/things that count from 0 to 255 is called TCNT0. We didn’t touch it in the code this time, maybe next. 

.include "../tn13Adef.inc"

.def a=r16

.org 0000

init:

    sbi ddrb,0          ; pin b0 output

    ldi a,0b00000101    ; prescaler 1024

    out TCCR0B,a

    

main:

    sbi pinb,0          ; flip the B0 bit

    rcall timer

    rjmp main

timer:

        loop:

    in a,TIFR0          ; wait 

    andi a, 0b00000010  ; (1<<TOV0) is TOV0 still 1 or flagged to 0?

    breq loop

    

    ldi a, 0b00000010   ; set TOV0 to 1 again after flagged

    out TIFR0,a

    

    ret

    

    

Last login: Thu May 28 11:54:47 on ttys001
Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:~ nugroho$ cd attiny13a/timer/
Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ avra -o timerNormal.hex timerNormal.s 
AVRA: advanced AVR macro assembler Version 1.3.0 Build 1 (8 May 2010)
Copyright (C) 1998-2010. Check out README file for more info

   AVRA is an open source assembler for Atmel AVR microcontroller family
   It can be used as a replacement of 'AVRASM32.EXE' the original assembler
   shipped with AVR Studio. We do not guarantee full compatibility for avra.

   AVRA comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
   You may redistribute copies of avra under the terms
   of the GNU General Public License.
   For more information about these matters, see the files named COPYING.

Pass 1...
Pass 2...
done

Used memory blocks:
   Code      :  Start = 0x0000, End = 0x000B, Length = 0x000C

Assembly complete with no errors.
Segment usage:
   Code      :        12 words (24 bytes)
   Data      :         0 bytes
   EEPROM    :         0 bytes
Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ vavrdisasm timerNormal.s.hex 
   0: 9a b8       sbi $17, 0
   2: e0 05       ldi R16, 0x05
   4: bf 03       out $33, R16
   6: 9a b0       sbi $16, 0
   8: d0 01       rcall .+2 ; 0xc
   a: cf fd       rjmp .-6 ; 0x6
   c: b7 08       in R16, 0x38
   e: 70 02       andi R16, 0x02
  10: f3 e9       breq .-6 ; 0xc
  12: e0 02       ldi R16, 0x02
  14: bf 08       out $38, R16
  16: 95 08       ret 
Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ 
Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ avrdude -p t13 -P usb -c usbasp -B4 -n

avrdude: set SCK frequency to 187500 Hz
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9007

avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (H:FF, E:FF, L:6A)

avrdude done.  Thank you.

Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ avrdude -p t13 -P usb -c usbasp -B4 -U flash:w:timerNormal.s.hex 

avrdude: set SCK frequency to 187500 Hz
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9007
avrdude: NOTE: "flash" memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed
         To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: set SCK frequency to 187500 Hz
avrdude: reading input file "timerNormal.s.hex"
avrdude: input file timerNormal.s.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: writing flash (24 bytes):

Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s

avrdude: 24 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against timerNormal.s.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file timerNormal.s.hex:
avrdude: input file timerNormal.s.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: input file timerNormal.s.hex contains 24 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.01s

avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 24 bytes of flash verified

avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (H:FF, E:FF, L:6A)

avrdude done.  Thank you.

Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ 

.

Pencerahan

Kadang datang secara tak disangka.
 
Tak hanya pencerahan relijius seperti Sakti dari Sheila on 7 yang tiba-tiba 'terbangun' saat baca buku "Menjemput Sakaratul Maut ...." di bandara dan majalah Mati Suri di rumah sakit. Kini dia bernama Salman Al Jugjawy.
 
Saya mengalami pencerahan secara musikal, beberapa kali.
 
Saya termasuk telat belajar alat musik. Memiliki gitar di akhir kelas satu SMP. Awalnya belajar lagu standart Koes Plus, Iwan Fals. Dangdut populer, belajar karena ikut ekstrakurikuler band musik, manggung di tempat-tempat yang menginginkan lagu dangdut. Tembang kenangan malam-malam di radio.

Saat SMU saya "Naik tingkat". Boomerang, Jamrud, Padi, Dewa19, Sheila On 7, Slank dan musik-musik populer di radio jadi sasaran.

Lagi,di akhir SMU mengenal underground music. Pernah sampai diusir yang punya "studio" karena "gak niat", "ngrusak drum", "bikin sakit kuping", "liriknya gak bisa didengarkan", "bahasa apa itu?". Cuma lagu Derek yang easy listening, yang kedua adalah Bendera Kuning (kayak gitu easy listening? Yup, dibanding yang lain, ;) )

Sound gitar suka yang berdistorsi full, masuk akal memang. Efek gitar lebih suka semacam Metal Zone. Semakin djent djent djent semakin keren. Sangat anti dengan efek Overdrive . Tone harus se-treble mungkin. Dan sering frustrasi karena tidak dapat distorsi seperti di fantasi. Paling sulit meniru Eros, ada distorsi tapi nada individual tetap terdengar.

Dan pencerahan itu datang.

Pertama saat mendapatkan buku usang saat liburan ke rumah mbah, tigapuluh kilometer di balik gunung. Buku peninggalan bulik yang meninggal pas masih kuliah seni di kampus yang sama denganku. 

(aku ingin memiliki sense seni seperti dia, tapi, dari level keanehan, aku belum sepuluh persennya dari dia, blum berani naik motor, kaki kiri tak paki apapun, pake bakiak di kaki kanan tok, untuk menstarter pakai kaki biar gak sakit, :) )

Kuhabiskan Gitar Tunggal saat libur sebulan, baca dan praktek. Dan mendapatkan hal-hal tak terduga.

Gitar tak harus digenjreng. Bahkan pemain klasik hampir selalu menggunakan petikan not demi not.


Belajar harmoni nada yang tanpa sengaja ku bawa ke aliran musik lain, apapun yang sedang kusenangi.

Spanish scale, yang bisa dibawa ke mana-mana, yang bikin melodi gitarku bernuansa NeoKlasik seperti Yngwie atau Rhandy Rhoads.

Banyak hal lain, seperti cara membaca tablature dan disiplin ketukan, panjang not dan dinamik, tapi itu hal-hal yang tak kelihatan.


Berikutnya adalah seri It's Easy to Bluff

Pertama memiliki buku Jazz, kemudian merembet ke Blues, Metal dan terakhir Rock (dapat dari Papang, di gramedia sudah habis, dan sampai sekarang tidak ada stock baru)

Banyak hal yang mengubah secara drastis permainan gitar sama wawasan musik, namun tidak menggeser efek dari Gitar Tunggal, lebih seperti melengkapi. Gitar tunggal untuk akustik, It's Easy to Bluff untuk gitar Elektrik

Senar pertama tak harus bunyi, dan ternyata memang memetik CMaj9 tanpa senar nomor satu itu keren sekali suaranya


Tak harus bunyi sepanjang lagu, sudah sering kulakukan sejak smu, hasil didikan P Sis saat ikut ekstra kurikuler musik di SMP dan jadi bassis selama dua tahun manggung ikut beliau. P Sis sebagai gitaris melodi dan pemimpin band paling ahli memainkan dinamika musik yang bagi kami saat itu tidak menyenangkan. Temanku, gitaris rhythm sering protes, karena suara gitarnya jadi tak kedengaran, namun secara keseluruhan suara jadi sangat merata, dan menonjol pada waktunya, saat solo, atau saat coda.

Treble tak harus penuh, jazzer suka sound empuk dan hangat. Strat dan gitar lain dengan single coil pickup akan terlalu "kemrempyang" jika treble ampli disetel penuh. yaling aman, bass treble middle(kalau ada) di set diangka 12, geser maju mundur di sekitar itu

Distorsi tak harus full, jika gain atau dist diset maksimal, suara akord akan hilang, tentu saja itu tak masalah untuk permainan melodi nada tunggal. Paling aman gain atau distorsi di set di angka 7 atau bawahnya.

Tak semua fals itu tak enak. Saya menyukai akord D7#9, gabungan D7 mayor dan minor, mengandung nada D F F# A C.  Lihat, seharusnya F dan F# yang bunyi bersamaan menyebabkan disonansi, atau super fals. Tapi jika kita pakai akord ini di waktu yang tepat, efeknya akan keren sekali.

Mencegah mati gaya secara musikal. Jika diajak manggung dan tak tahu lagunya, anggap itu memakai nada dasar G, Jika lagunya ternyata menggunaka C atau D, maka masih bisa selamat. Jika lagunya menggunakan nada dasar E, maka kita secara otomatis akan terdengar nge-blues. Jika pakai nada dasar F maka kita akan terdengar seperti Steve Vai, dengan Lydian mode. Jika lagunya memakai A maka kita Seperti Joe Satriani dengan mode Dorian. Akan sial jika lagunya ternyata menggunakan G#, :) . 

Jangan paksa mainkan rhythm dengan nada yang berbunyi di lagu yang kita tidak tahu kuncinya, gunakan palm mute.


Dari buku-buku itu secara tak sengaja menemukan aplikasinya di lagu
Bertahan di sana (Shelia On 7). Contoh dissonant keren di dua nada terakhir solo-nya Eros
Persembahan dari Surga (Dewa 19). Dissonant di reff
Roman Picisan (Dewa 19). Tidak terlalu mencolok, tapi ada dissonant bagus di ref dan saat tepat sebelum hening di sela bait-bait sebelum ref

Jadilah permainan gitarku berjenis jazz-blues-bossa-rock-akustik-latin dengan sedikit harmoni klasik.

(Catatan: bukan berarti permainan gitar saya bagus :P )

[Kutulis setengah duabelas malam saat Alfa nyenyak tertidur]


Nugroho

http://aravir-rose.blogspot.com

And Finally the Breathing LED is Here, :)

Jonathan Ive style, Old Macbook Pro sleep indicator LED.

Using interrupt, fast PWM on ATTiny13A.

.include "../tn13Adef.INC" 

.def a = r16

.def b = r17

.def c = r18

.def d = r19

.org $0000              ; startup vector

    rjmp onReset

.org $0006              ; compare match vector

    rjmp Tim0CompA

onReset:

    ldi a, 1

    out OCR0A,a

    ldi b, 1

    ldi c, 0

    ldi d, 255

    

    sbi DDRB,0          ; port B0 as output

    

    ldi a, 0b10000011   ; pwm mode 3

    out TCCR0A, a

    

    ldi a, 0b00000011   ; divider 01/no 10/8 11/64 100/256 101/1024

    out TCCR0B,a

    

    ldi a, 0b0000100    ; enable compare interupt

    out TIMSK0,a

    

    sei

main:

    rjmp main

    

Tim0CompA:

    in a, OCR0A

    rjmp incdec

        switch:

    out OCR0A,a

    reti

incdec:

    sbrs b,0

    rjmp deca

    inc a

        back:

    cp a,c

    breq oneB

    cp a,d

    breq zeroB

        bBack:

    rjmp switch

    

    

deca:

    dec a

    rjmp back

    

oneB:

    ldi b,1

    rjmp bBack

zeroB:

    ldi b,0

    rjmp bBack

.

Flip the Bit

Maybe it's just me, but I recently realized that we have a handy feature on ATTiny13A for flip the value of the bit.


so instead of

sbic PINB,0
cbi PINB,0
sbi PINB,0

we could just use

sbi PINB,0

Saving some clocks, :)

Blinking LED using Interrupt on ATTiny13A

Here's the template

.include "../tn13Adef.INC" 

.def a=r16

.org $0000              ; startup vector

    rjmp onReset

.org $0006              ; compare match vector

    rjmp Tim0CompA

onReset:

    sbi DDRB,0          ; port B0 as output

    

    ldi a, 0b10000011   ; pwm mode 3

    out TCCR0A, a

    

    ldi a, 0b00000101   ; divider /1024

    out TCCR0B,a

    

    ldi a, 0b0000100    ; enable compare interrupt

    out TIMSK0,a

    

    sei

main:

    rjmp main

        

Tim0CompA:

    in a, OCR0A

    inc a

    out OCR0A,a

    reti

.

if we set divider to 8

    ldi a, 0b000000010   ; divider /8

    out TCCR0B,a

and edit the timer routine to

Tim0CompA:

    in a, OCR0A

    dec a

    out OCR0A,a

    reti

we'll get smoother PWM respond 

with prescaler 64



prescaler 256



with prescaler 64 and increasing OCR0A

Oscillating LED Blink Delay on ATTiny13A

Based on my ADC with PWM output program.

The expected result is the old school MacbookPro unibody sleep indicator LED;  Sir Jonathan Ive style, :)

The code below resulted on slow to fast to slow to fast... blinking LED

;based on ADC 
.include "../tn13Adef.INC" 
.def zero=r19
.def max=r20
.org $0000 
init: 
 ldi r17,0                        
  ldi r18,1 ;increment/decrement check
 ldi zero,0
 ldi max,255
 sbi   DDRB,0   
 ;ldi   R16,0b10000011
 ;out   TCCR0A,R16    ;fast pwm       
main:
 cpse r18,zero
 rjmp increment 
 rjmp decrement
back:
 cp r17,zero
 breq switchUp

 cp r17,max
 breq switchDown

switch:
     rcall delay          
     sbi   PINB,0         
     rjmp  main

increment:
 inc r17
 rjmp back

decrement:
 dec r17
 rjmp back

switchUp:
 ldi r18,1
 rjmp switch

switchDown:
 ldi r18,0
 rjmp switch

delay:  
 mov r16,r17
loopDelay:
 rcall pause
     dec r16
     brne loopDelay
     ret

pause:
 ldi r21,127
lpause: 
 dec r21
 brne lpause
 ret

Save it as timer2.s, build it using avra

Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ avra -o timer2.hex timer2.s 
AVRA: advanced AVR macro assembler Version 1.3.0 Build 1 (8 May 2010)
Copyright (C) 1998-2010. Check out README file for more info

   AVRA is an open source assembler for Atmel AVR microcontroller family
   It can be used as a replacement of 'AVRASM32.EXE' the original assembler
   shipped with AVR Studio. We do not guarantee full compatibility for avra.

   AVRA comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
   You may redistribute copies of avra under the terms
   of the GNU General Public License.
   For more information about these matters, see the files named COPYING.

Pass 1...
Pass 2...
done

Used memory blocks:
   Code      :  Start = 0x0000, End = 0x0019, Length = 0x001A

Assembly complete with no errors.
Segment usage:
   Code      :        26 words (52 bytes)
   Data      :         0 bytes
   EEPROM    :         0 bytes
Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ avra -o timer2.hex timer2.s 
AVRA: advanced AVR macro assembler Version 1.3.0 Build 1 (8 May 2010)
Copyright (C) 1998-2010. Check out README file for more info

   AVRA is an open source assembler for Atmel AVR microcontroller family
   It can be used as a replacement of 'AVRASM32.EXE' the original assembler
   shipped with AVR Studio. We do not guarantee full compatibility for avra.

   AVRA comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
   You may redistribute copies of avra under the terms
   of the GNU General Public License.
   For more information about these matters, see the files named COPYING.

Pass 1...
Pass 2...
done

Used memory blocks:
   Code      :  Start = 0x0000, End = 0x0019, Length = 0x001A

Assembly complete with no errors.
Segment usage:
   Code      :        26 words (52 bytes)
   Data      :         0 bytes
   EEPROM    :         0 bytes
Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ vavrdisasm timer2.s.hex 
   0: e0 10       ldi R17, 0x00
   2: e0 21       ldi R18, 0x01
   4: e0 30       ldi R19, 0x00
   6: ef 4f       ser R20
   8: 13 23       cpse R18, R19
   a: c0 08       rjmp .+16 ; 0x1c
   c: c0 09       rjmp .+18 ; 0x20
   e: 17 13       cp R17, R19
  10: f0 49       breq .+18 ; 0x24
  12: 17 14       cp R17, R20
  14: f0 49       breq .+18 ; 0x28
  16: d0 0a       rcall .+20 ; 0x2c
  18: 9a b0       sbi $16, 0
  1a: cf f6       rjmp .-20 ; 0x8
  1c: 95 13       inc R17
  1e: cf f7       rjmp .-18 ; 0xe
  20: 95 1a       dec R17
  22: cf f5       rjmp .-22 ; 0xe
  24: e0 21       ldi R18, 0x01
  26: cf f7       rjmp .-18 ; 0x16
  28: e0 20       ldi R18, 0x00
  2a: cf f5       rjmp .-22 ; 0x16
  2c: 2f 01       mov R16, R17
  2e: 95 0a       dec R16
  30: f7 f1       brne .-4 ; 0x2e
  32: 95 08       ret 
Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ 

upload using avrdude

Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ avrdude -p t13 -P usb -c usbasp -B4 -n

avrdude: set SCK frequency to 187500 Hz
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9007

avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (H:FF, E:FF, L:6A)

avrdude done.  Thank you.

Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ avrdude -p t13 -P usb -c usbasp -B4 -U flash:w:timer2.s.hex 

avrdude: set SCK frequency to 187500 Hz
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9007
avrdude: NOTE: "flash" memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed
         To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: set SCK frequency to 187500 Hz
avrdude: reading input file "timer2.s.hex"
avrdude: input file timer2.s.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: writing flash (52 bytes):

Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.04s

avrdude: 52 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against timer2.s.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file timer2.s.hex:
avrdude: input file timer2.s.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: input file timer2.s.hex contains 52 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s

avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 52 bytes of flash verified

avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (H:FF, E:FF, L:6A)

avrdude done.  Thank you.

Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ 

.

 .