Nugroho's blog.

Thursday, May 28, 2015

Flip the Bit

Maybe it's just me, but I recently realized that we have a handy feature on ATTiny13A for flip the value of the bit.

so instead of

sbic PINB,0
cbi PINB,0
sbi PINB,0

we could just use

sbi PINB,0

Saving some clocks, :)

Wednesday, May 27, 2015

Blinking LED using Interrupt on ATTiny13A

Here's the template

.include "../tn13Adef.INC" 

.def a=r16

.org $0000              ; startup vector

    rjmp onReset

.org $0006              ; compare match vector

    rjmp Tim0CompA

onReset:

    sbi DDRB,0          ; port B0 as output

    ldi a, 0b10000011   ; pwm mode 3

    out TCCR0A, a

    ldi a, 0b00000101   ; divider /1024

    out TCCR0B,a

    ldi a, 0b0000100    ; enable compare interrupt

    out TIMSK0,a

sei

main:

    rjmp main

Tim0CompA:

    in a, OCR0A

    inc a

    out OCR0A,a

    reti

if we set divider to 8

    ldi a, 0b000000010   ; divider /8

    out TCCR0B,a

and edit the timer routine to

Tim0CompA:

    in a, OCR0A

    dec a

    out OCR0A,a

    reti

we'll get smoother PWM respond

with prescaler 64

prescaler 256

with prescaler 64 and increasing OCR0A

Oscillating LED Blink Delay on ATTiny13A

Based on my ADC with PWM output program.

~~The expected result is the old school MacbookPro unibody sleep indicator LED; Sir Jonathan Ive style, :)~~

The code below resulted on slow to fast to slow to fast... blinking LED

;based on ADC 
.include "../tn13Adef.INC" 
.def zero=r19
.def max=r20
.org $0000 
init: 
 ldi r17,0                        
  ldi r18,1 ;increment/decrement check
 ldi zero,0
 ldi max,255
 sbi   DDRB,0   
 ;ldi   R16,0b10000011
 ;out   TCCR0A,R16    ;fast pwm       
main:
 cpse r18,zero
 rjmp increment 
 rjmp decrement
back:
 cp r17,zero
 breq switchUp

 cp r17,max
 breq switchDown

switch:
     rcall delay          
     sbi   PINB,0         
     rjmp  main

increment:
 inc r17
 rjmp back

decrement:
 dec r17
 rjmp back

switchUp:
 ldi r18,1
 rjmp switch

switchDown:
 ldi r18,0
 rjmp switch

delay:  
 mov r16,r17
loopDelay:
 rcall pause
     dec r16
     brne loopDelay
     ret

pause:
 ldi r21,127
lpause: 
 dec r21
 brne lpause
 ret

Save it as timer2.s, build it using avra

Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ avra -o timer2.hex timer2.s 
AVRA: advanced AVR macro assembler Version 1.3.0 Build 1 (8 May 2010)
Copyright (C) 1998-2010. Check out README file for more info

   AVRA is an open source assembler for Atmel AVR microcontroller family
   It can be used as a replacement of 'AVRASM32.EXE' the original assembler
   shipped with AVR Studio. We do not guarantee full compatibility for avra.

   AVRA comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
   You may redistribute copies of avra under the terms
   of the GNU General Public License.
   For more information about these matters, see the files named COPYING.

Pass 1...
Pass 2...
done

Used memory blocks:
   Code      :  Start = 0x0000, End = 0x0019, Length = 0x001A

Assembly complete with no errors.
Segment usage:
   Code      :        26 words (52 bytes)
   Data      :         0 bytes
   EEPROM    :         0 bytes
Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ avra -o timer2.hex timer2.s 
AVRA: advanced AVR macro assembler Version 1.3.0 Build 1 (8 May 2010)
Copyright (C) 1998-2010. Check out README file for more info

   AVRA is an open source assembler for Atmel AVR microcontroller family
   It can be used as a replacement of 'AVRASM32.EXE' the original assembler
   shipped with AVR Studio. We do not guarantee full compatibility for avra.

   AVRA comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
   You may redistribute copies of avra under the terms
   of the GNU General Public License.
   For more information about these matters, see the files named COPYING.

Pass 1...
Pass 2...
done

Used memory blocks:
   Code      :  Start = 0x0000, End = 0x0019, Length = 0x001A

Assembly complete with no errors.
Segment usage:
   Code      :        26 words (52 bytes)
   Data      :         0 bytes
   EEPROM    :         0 bytes
Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ vavrdisasm timer2.s.hex 
   0: e0 10       ldi R17, 0x00
   2: e0 21       ldi R18, 0x01
   4: e0 30       ldi R19, 0x00
   6: ef 4f       ser R20
   8: 13 23       cpse R18, R19
   a: c0 08       rjmp .+16 ; 0x1c
   c: c0 09       rjmp .+18 ; 0x20
   e: 17 13       cp R17, R19
  10: f0 49       breq .+18 ; 0x24
  12: 17 14       cp R17, R20
  14: f0 49       breq .+18 ; 0x28
  16: d0 0a       rcall .+20 ; 0x2c
  18: 9a b0       sbi $16, 0
  1a: cf f6       rjmp .-20 ; 0x8
  1c: 95 13       inc R17
  1e: cf f7       rjmp .-18 ; 0xe
  20: 95 1a       dec R17
  22: cf f5       rjmp .-22 ; 0xe
  24: e0 21       ldi R18, 0x01
  26: cf f7       rjmp .-18 ; 0x16
  28: e0 20       ldi R18, 0x00
  2a: cf f5       rjmp .-22 ; 0x16
  2c: 2f 01       mov R16, R17
  2e: 95 0a       dec R16
  30: f7 f1       brne .-4 ; 0x2e
  32: 95 08       ret 
Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$

upload using avrdude

Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ avrdude -p t13 -P usb -c usbasp -B4 -n

avrdude: set SCK frequency to 187500 Hz
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9007

avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (H:FF, E:FF, L:6A)

avrdude done.  Thank you.

Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ avrdude -p t13 -P usb -c usbasp -B4 -U flash:w:timer2.s.hex 

avrdude: set SCK frequency to 187500 Hz
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9007
avrdude: NOTE: "flash" memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed
         To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: set SCK frequency to 187500 Hz
avrdude: reading input file "timer2.s.hex"
avrdude: input file timer2.s.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: writing flash (52 bytes):

Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.04s

avrdude: 52 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against timer2.s.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file timer2.s.hex:
avrdude: input file timer2.s.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: input file timer2.s.hex contains 52 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s

avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 52 bytes of flash verified

avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (H:FF, E:FF, L:6A)

avrdude done.  Thank you.

Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$

Tuesday, May 26, 2015

Gendhing dan Perkusi

P Rosyid menulis tentang langgam beberapa waktu lalu.

Dan saya juga ingin menulis. Memang lain, ini tentang gendhing jawa. Betapa dulu ketika masih aktif nge-band sering kesulitan menirukan lagu-lagu jawa tertentu. Bukan lagu-lagu semacam Gambang Semarang atau langgam atau Bossanova Jawa; itu relatif mudah.

Lagu-lagu yang memiliki gaya klasik. Lingsir Wengi, Kusumaning Ati,...

Dalam beberapa hal, musik jawa memang lain dibanding dengan musik “standar” saat ini.

Di musik selain jawa. Alat-alat musik ritmis/perkusi digunakan untuk menjaga irama, menghitung ketukan, menandai birama. Entah itu drum, bongo, ketipung, tambourine atau gendang. Mereka memiliki beat tertentu.

Seperti gendang di lagu-lagu melayu, bongo/conga di lagu-lagu latin semacam sway atau volare. Juga drum di lagu-lagu…eh, banyak lagu, :)

Di musik jawa, di gendhing-gendhing yang mengiringi tembang semacan Dhandhanggula, Durma, Maskumambang, Pucung, atau beberapa gendhing yang agak modern (semacam Ela-Elo ciptaan Menik Sunyahni), alat musik yang seharusnya untuk ritmis malah seakan tidak punya ritme.

Gendhang di musik jawa tidak digunakan untuk menandai ketukan. Dia disebut sebagai pamurba (di buku kembang setaman) entah apa itu maksudnya :), satu hal yang pasti, kita tidak mengikuti irama gendhang saat mendengarkan tembang. Tabuhan gendhang juga berbeda untuk tiap musisi, walau musiknya sama.

Dan penabuh gendhang biasanya adalah primadona. Lain dengan pemain saron atau bonang atau gong. Di musik jawa, merekalah yang menjaga ritme. Mereka memiliki irama konstan dari awal hingga akhir lagu.

Jika gitaris atau pianis merupakan primadona di suatu band, penabuh gendhang merupakan bintang di sebuah grup karawitan, :)

(foto dari https://tukanggamelan.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/gamelanrex11.jpg)

Timer on ATTiny13A using Interrupt

It started with this

.include "../tn13Adef.inc" 

.org 0000 

 rjmp reset   

.org 0003 

 rjmp timer  

reset:

 sbi ddrb,0           

 ldi r16,0b00000101    

 out tccr0b,r16

 ldi r16,0b00000010    

 out timsk0,r16

sei

loop:

 ldi r16,(1<<SE)

 out mcucr,r16

 sleep

 rjmp loop 

timer:

 sbi   pinb,0       

 reti

Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ avra -o timer.hex timer.s 
AVRA: advanced AVR macro assembler Version 1.3.0 Build 1 (8 May 2010)
Copyright (C) 1998-2010. Check out README file for more info

   AVRA is an open source assembler for Atmel AVR microcontroller family
   It can be used as a replacement of 'AVRASM32.EXE' the original assembler
   shipped with AVR Studio. We do not guarantee full compatibility for avra.

   AVRA comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
   You may redistribute copies of avra under the terms
   of the GNU General Public License.
   For more information about these matters, see the files named COPYING.

Pass 1...
Pass 2...
done

Used memory blocks:
   Code      :  Start = 0x0000, End = 0x0000, Length = 0x0001
   Code      :  Start = 0x0003, End = 0x000F, Length = 0x000D

Assembly complete with no errors.
Segment usage:
   Code      :        14 words (28 bytes)
   Data      :         0 bytes
   EEPROM    :         0 bytes
Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$ vavrdisasm timer.s.hex 
   0: c0 03       rjmp .+6 ; 0x8
   6: c0 0a       rjmp .+20 ; 0x1c
   8: 9a b8       sbi $17, 0
   a: e0 05       ldi R16, 0x05
   c: bf 03       out $33, R16
   e: e0 02       ldi R16, 0x02
  10: bf 09       out $39, R16
  12: 94 78       sei 
  14: e2 00       ldi R16, 0x20
  16: bf 05       out $35, R16
  18: 95 88       sleep 
  1a: cf fc       rjmp .-8 ; 0x14
  1c: 9a b0       sbi $16, 0
  1e: 95 18       reti 
Nugrohos-MacBook-Air:timer nugroho$

Monday, May 25, 2015

ATTiny13A Arduino

ATTiny is ... well, tiny. Not very suitable to programed it on arduino. Nevertheless, I decided to do it.

Create ‘hardware’ folder in Arduino sketch folder, unzip the file.

Download the Smeezekitty core, http://sourceforge.net/projects/ard-core13/files/latest/download

Unzip it, copy the files, paste in …/hardware/attiny/avr/variants/core13/ (if folder didn’t exist, create it)

edit the boards.txt files at

…/hardware/attiny/avr/boards.txt

boards.txt

menu.cpu=Processor
menu.clock=Clock
attiny.name=ATtiny
attiny.bootloader.tool=arduino:avrdude
attiny.bootloader.unlock_bits=0xff
attiny.bootloader.lock_bits=0xff
attiny.build.core=arduino:arduino
attiny.build.board=attiny
attiny.upload.tool=arduino:avrdude
#attiny.upload.tool=usbasp

#################################################
attiny.menu.cpu.attiny13=ATtiny13
attiny.menu.cpu.attiny13.upload.maximum_size=1024
attiny.menu.cpu.attiny13.build.mcu=attiny13
attiny.menu.cpu.attiny13.build.variant=core13

attiny.menu.clock.internal96=9.6MHz (internal)
attiny.menu.clock.internal96.bootloader.low_fuses=0x7A
attiny.menu.clock.internal96.bootloader.high_fuses=0xff
attiny.menu.clock.internal96.build.f_cpu=9600000L

################################################

attiny.menu.clock.internal48=4.8MHz (internal)
attiny.menu.clock.internal48.bootloader.low_fuses=0x79
attiny.menu.clock.internal48.bootloader.high_fuses=0xff
attiny.menu.clock.internal48.build.f_cpu=4800000L
################################################

avrdude give the error because my downloader need -B4 option (I installed new bootloader, flash it, remove auto sck, so the avrdude warning gone)

In order to be able to upload it to ATTiny13A, we have to edit the file.

Macintosh HD/Applications/Arduino/Contents/Java/Hardware/arduino/avr/programmers.txt

edit it

usbasp.name=USBasp
usbasp.communication=usb
usbasp.protocol=usbasp
usbasp.program.protocol=usbasp
usbasp.program.tool=avrdude
usbasp.program.extra_params=-Pusb -B4

start arduino IDE

it give firewall warning

undo the edit or reinstall the arduino

create programmers.txt in the same folder with boards.txt

usbasp.name=USBaspN
usbasp.communication=usb
usbasp.protocol=usbasp
usbasp.program.protocol=usbasp
usbasp.program.tool=avrdude
usbasp.program.extra_params=-Pusb -B4

we use USBaspN

Blink without delay,

const int ledPin =  1;      // the number of the LED pin
int ledState = LOW;             // ledState used to set the LED
unsigned long previousMillis = 0;        // will store last time LED was updated
const long interval = 1000;           // interval at which to blink (milliseconds)
void setup() {
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{
  unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
  if(currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval) {
    previousMillis = currentMillis;   
    if (ledState == LOW)
      ledState = HIGH;
    else
      ledState = LOW;
    digitalWrite(ledPin, ledState);
  }
}